1146 Bernard of Clairvaux calls for a Second Crusade before a large crowd in a field at Vézelay, including King Louis VII of France, who then takes the Cross

1152 King Baldwin III of Jerusalem exiles his mother, Melissande

1492 Ferdinand & Isabella of the Spains order the Jews of Spain to convert or leave, but allow Moslems to remain

1547 Accession of King Henry II of France (1547-1559)

1571 The English capture Dumbarton, Scotland

1644 Castro War: Peace of Ferrara - Pope Urban VIII agrees to "status quo ante" with Venice, Tuscany, Parma, & Modena

1745 Jews are expelled from Prague

1808 Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia orders Jews to adopt family names

1814 The Allies capture Paris, as Napoleon makes feeble efforts to stave them off

1822 The Massacre of Chios: Ottoman troops slaughter the rebellious populace, raising Western sympathy for Greek independence

1829 Election of Francesco Saverio Castiglioni as Pope Pius VIII (Mar. 31,1829-Nov. 30, 1830)

1854 Commodore Perry forces Japan to open its ports to foreign trade

1865 Battle of Dinwiddie Court House, Va: Confederate's frustrate a Union attempt to turn their strategic flank at Petersburg

1865 The troop transport 'General Lyon' catches fire off Cape Hatteras and sinks; c, 500 die, many Confederate P/Ws and civilian refugees, and all but 29 of the 156 men of the 56th Illinois

1866 Guano War: Spanish fleet bombards Valparaiso

1889 The Eiffel Tower is opened to the public

1907 Romanian Army puts down a revolt in Moldavia

1917 US gains possession of the Virgin Is from Denmark, for $25 million

1923 Essen: French troops fire on striking Krupp workers, 13 die

1939 Britain & France agree to support Poland if invaded by Germany

1941 Hawaii: Frederick L. Martin and Patrick N. L. Bellinger, the senior Army & Navy aviation officers, warn Short & Kimmel of the danger of Japanese carrier raids

1942 Burma: Japanese troops occupy Toungoo, unhinging the Prome-Toungoo Line.

1942 U.S. leases airbase rights from Liberia

1943 USAAF accidentally bombs a residential area of Rotterdam, 326 die

1944 New Guinea: Fifth Air Force bombs Hollandia

1954 USSR offers to join NATO

1964 Rightist military coup outs Pres Joao Goulart of Brazil (1961-1964)

1966 Anti-war demonstration in NY, c. 250,000 march

1967 NATO HQ moves to Casteau-Maisisres, Belgium

1968 LBJ announces he will not seek re-election

1991 Georgia votes independence from the USSR