475 Proclamation of 15-year-old Romulus, son of the Magister Militum Orestes, as Roman Emperor (Oct. 31,475-Sep. 4, 476) - "Romulus Augustulus" , the last Emperor in the West

1448 Constantine XI Palaeologus becomes [the last] Byzantine Emperor, KIA 1453

1803 US Frigate 'Philadelphia' grounds off Tripoli, & is taken by the Barbary pirates

1808 Battle of Durango, Spain

1808 Battle of Pan Corbo: The French defeat the Spanish

1813 Anglo-Spanish forces liberate Pamplona from the French

1813 Ottoman authorities sell 1,800 Serb women & children into slavery at Belgrade

1912 First Balkan War - Battle of Lule Burgas begins: By Nov 3rd the Bulgarians crush the Turkish army in Thrace

1917 Third Battle of Beersheba: Australian, New Zealand, & British mounted troops capture the city from the Turks

1925 Reza Pahlevi becomes Shah of Persia in a coup (1925-1941)

1937 Spanish Republican government moves to Valencia from Barcelona; resolve of the defenders' increases

1938 Charles Lindbergh test-flies a Me-109, courtesy of his friend Herman Göring

1940 Deadline for the Jews of Warsaw to move into the newly designated Ghetto

1941 'U-552' sinks USS' Reuben James' (DD-245), 115 die; first US ship lost in WW II

1948 Nationalist Chinese transport 'Hsuan Huai' catches fire in the Manchurian port of Yingkouin, over 2,000 troops die

1956 Suez Crisis: Britain & France bomb Egypt

1968 President Johnson orders a halt to all bombing of North Vietnam