1187 Battle of Mamgarvia Moor: King William I of Scotland defeats Donald ban MacWilliam

1298 Peace of Tournai: Flemings accept French rule, with limits

1402 Battle of Ruthin: Owen Glendower defeats Reginald Grey, the Lord of Ruthin

1504 Treaty of Lyons: France concedes Spanish domination of Naples (for a while)

1578 Battle of Gembloux: Don John of Austria's Spanish defeat the Dutch under Antony de Goignies

1804 Scottish militia turns out when bonfires warning of a French invasion are lit in error

1804 VAdm William "Bounty" Bligh's squadron captures Curaçao

1861 State of Louisiana takes over US Mint at New Orleans

1863 Black 1st SC Volunteers mustered into the US Army

1865 Gen Robert E Lee named General-in-Chief of all Confederate Armies (a tad late to matter)

1880 Br training ship 'Atalanta' leaves Bermuda, to disappear at sea, c. 280 die

1895 Jose Marti, Maximo Gomez, and others leave New York to invade Spanish Cuba

1915 Battle of Bolimów: The Germans stage the first major poison gas attack, but the Russians hold

1917 Germany notifies the US that it will resume unrestricted submarine warfare

1918 "Battle of May Is": Overnight collisions in the foggy Firth of Forth; two submarines sink, three others and a light cruiser damaged c. 270 deaths

1929 Erich Maria Remarque's "All Quiet on the Western Front" is published

1929 Leon Trotsky is expelled from Russia to Turkey

1933 "The Lone Ranger" premiers on WXYZ in Detroit, runs for several decades on various networks

1941 Anti-German demonstration in Haarlem, Netherlands

1942 Bataan: Japanese pressure eases.

1942 Burma: British abandon Moulmein and retire across the Salween River

1942 Malaya: Last British troops withdraw to Singapore Island

1943 Guadalcanal: CAM Div advances to the Bonegi River

1943 New Guinea: Australian troops mop-up at Wau, as the Japanese 20th Div completes concentration at Wewak

1943 Chile breaks diplomatic relations with Germany and Japan

1944 U.S. troops land on Kwajalein and nearby islands in the Marshalls

1945 11th Airborne Div lands - by the sea - at the south entrance to Manila Bay.

1961 Samuel Lee Gravely, Jr., becomes the first African American to command a warship, 'Falgout' (DE-324)

1972 Military coup ousts civilian government of Ghana

1981 Last enlisted USN aviator retires.